Guinea Pig Ownership 101

A Beginner’s Guide to Happy, Healthy Cavies

Guinea pigs (also called "cavies") are gentle, sociable, and surprisingly expressive pets. They’re great for families and first-time owners, but they also have specific care needs that are often misunderstood.

This guide will walk you through the essentials of owning guinea pigs and explain why they should never be kept alone.



1. Guinea Pigs Need a Friend

Guinea pigs are herd animals by nature. They require the companionship of their own kind to stay mentally and emotionally healthy.

  • Never keep one guinea pig alone
    A solo guinea pig can become lonely, anxious, or depressed, even with human attention
  • Same-sex pairs are ideal
    Two females or two neutered males usually get along well. Avoid housing a male and female together unless one is neutered to prevent breeding
  • Introduce slowly
    Always introduce new guinea pigs gradually, in a neutral space, to ensure compatibility

📝 In many countries, such as Switzerland, it's even illegal to own just one guinea pig.


2. Housing and Space Requirements

Guinea pigs need more room than most people expect. A small pet store cage is not enough.

  • Minimum space: At least 7.5 square feet (e.g. 30" x 50") for two guinea pigs. Bigger is always better
  • C&C cages: Cubes and Coroplast cages are a popular, affordable option that can be customized
  • Bedding: Use paper-based bedding or fleece liners. Avoid cedar or pine shavings, which can harm their lungs
  • Hideouts and tunnels: Provide at least one hideout per guinea pig to help them feel secure


3. Diet and Nutrition

Guinea pigs have very sensitive digestive systems and require daily Vitamin C, since they cannot produce it on their own.

  • Unlimited hay: Timothy hay should be available at all times for digestion and dental health
  • Pellets: Offer guinea pig-specific pellets with added Vitamin C
  • Fresh vegetables: Feed daily (e.g. bell peppers, leafy greens, carrots in moderation)
  • Fruits: Occasional treats only
  • Fresh water: Always available in a sipper bottle or heavy bowl

📝 Avoid iceberg lettuce, onions, garlic, and anything sugary or salty.



4. Cleaning and Maintenance

A clean environment is essential for guinea pig health.

  • Spot clean daily: Remove soiled bedding and poop
  • Full clean weekly: Replace all bedding, clean cage surfaces, and sanitize hideouts and food bowls
  • Keep dry: Wet bedding leads to health problems like bumblefoot or fungal infections


5. Socialization and Enrichment

Guinea pigs may be shy at first, but with gentle handling and patience, they become quite affectionate.

  • Talk to them: Guinea pigs communicate with adorable sounds like "wheeking" and "purring"
  • Lap time: Daily handling builds trust, especially if paired with treats
  • Enrichment: Tunnels, chew toys, and cardboard boxes keep them entertained


6. Health and Lifespan

Guinea pigs live around 5 to 7 years, though some reach 8 or more with proper care.

  • Vet visits: Not all vets treat guinea pigs. Find an exotics vet for check-ups and emergencies
  • Monitor for illness: Signs of health issues include weight loss, crusty eyes or nose, trouble walking, and changes in appetite
  • Nail trimming: Their nails grow quickly and need regular trimming

📝 Weigh your guinea pigs weekly to track sudden health changes early.

Guinea pigs are adorable, affectionate companions that thrive in pairs and with proper care. They need more space, social interaction, and dietary attention than many new owners expect, but the reward is a lively and loving bond with your furry friends.

By understanding their needs, and always keeping at least two together, you’ll set the stage for a happy and fulfilling guinea pig experience.